Substation

Kozma Prutkov.

    If you on this page is means that you interestingly to find out, how all this works (I have in a kind the railway). I would like to write this article in a rather popular kind, that the text without shudder could read boy-scout and home help (though I do not know, why it can them interest?). I shall try to use as small as possible of terms and to lift only most interesting questions.

   In those near times, when the steam locomotive was basic steel horse of iron roads, and the trade of fireman something reminded work of  caster in blastfurnace, the people did not know yet, that will soon. And ahead of them the new machines which have come on change a pair - diesel engines (locomotives, using in quality of fuel for a movement diesel fuel, instead of coal or wood, as steam locomotives) waited. The diesel engines were followed by(with) electric locomotives. Name of the mechanism speaks for itself - an electric locomotive. It is natural, as fire for life needs fuel (fire wood, coal etc.), and electric locomotives already there was not enough usual infrastructure, i.e. the sets of devices and mechanisms for service of a movement - beginning from rails (or top structure of a way) and, finishing depot (place, where are contained these labour railway units). That the electric locomotive went,   it is necessary somewhere to take energy for a movement. Variant at once arises, with which the electric locomotive itself developed the electric power and itself consumed (for example, would have power station). However it is heavy to present this complex technical structure on wheels, and the opportunity of realization is very inconvenient. It would be possible to assume the same realization, as in the underground (i.e. to use contact rails). But try to protect thousands kilometers of iron roads, that boy has not wanted to transfer a cow through a way just in this place. And here we smoothly approach to the already fulfilled idea, on which all iron roads - use of a contact wire work practically care of the electric power to locomotives.

Do not forget, that the contact wire only transfers energy, and whence it born is a question of our further consideration. There is a set of variants circuits connection for an electric locomotive feed  with the help of a contact wire, but for us principle is important, that the electric locomotive only is the consumer, i.e. it is driven loading. Two kinds of a feed of electric locomotives are at present applied: on a constant current (3KV) and variable (25КV). Device of an electric locomotive is in general submitted in figures.

If in the machine all fuel necessary for trip you fill in in a tank, with work of the locomotive the fuel is on “base” - (substation), whence taking for a movement through “hoses” - contact wire. Taking into account that the way taking place by an electric locomotive can be pleased significant (in hundreds kilometers), it would be very heavy to have it from one “base” - it would be necessary to create a very strong pressure of a liquid, that it reached on such large distances (i.e. that the pressure(voltage) in a contact network was so great, that its fall on length of a site of a movement has no an effect on work of the locomotive).

With a constant current 3 KV distance is less (10-20 kms.), than with variable (40-60 kms.).

Give now we shall look, that by itself “base”, i.e. substation represents. The substation can be presented as a tank with fuel, which transfers through “pipelines” (contact network) fuel for locomotives. Naturally substation too takes “fuel” or electrical energy from more powerful substation (“ greater power ”) - regional substation.

That is the substation performs the job on transformation of the electric power for locomotives. Yes, has not forgotten to not tell nearly - it is not necessary to think, that the substation is applied only to supply of locomotives. It also is used for a feed of other consumers (beginning from traffic lights on railway ways and finishing a booth with Pepsi at station). Becouse of this brethren tracking transformer, which will transform the come pressure(voltage) to a level necessary for locomotives. From different directions it is surrounded with the correct servants: by special high-speed switches, which protect the transformer from all troubles and in case of problems disconnect it. The correct soldiers of substation is a set of the various relay, frguseyed watching for a condition “ fields of battle ”, i.e. contact network. And on an output of substation cost original battle redoubt - feeder cells giving a feed in a contact network. They too represent small army of the relay, transformers, measuring devices worth on a battle post. Independently the "collectors of the taxes ” - measuring transformers and counters of the electric power cost . They watch, how many substation has spent of the electric power. In modern meters (for example “ ABB Alpha ”, "Landys&Gir”), except the charge of the electric power it is possible to write down set of additional parameters, using which it is possible to adjust power consumption.

The  meter "ABB Alpha" - powerful tool for the tax, storage and data processing of electrosupply.

Here the first part of my story about an electricity by the railway and you, mine grateful and  martyred the reader also was finished, can sleep the sleep of the just.    Naturally, it is small page can't contain the immense information on the railway, but will allow you though in brief to understand, what for along a railway way someone so frequently has stuck support and something on them has hung.

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Sergei Kibitkin, Ternopol distance of electrosupply, Lviv railroad, Ukraine.